Transit Network Frequency Setting With Multi-Agent Simulation to Capture Activity-Based Mode Substitution
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
2022
Subject Area
place - north america, place - urban, mode - bus, operations - frequency, economics - operating costs, ridership - growth, ridership - mode choice, ridership - modelling, planning - methods
Keywords
planning and analysis, transportation demand forecasting, activity band models, ridership estimation modeling, transportation network modeling, optimization, transportation supply
Abstract
We propose a bilevel transit network frequency setting problem in which the upper level consists of analytical route cost functions and the lower level is an activity-based market equilibrium derived using MATSim-NYC. The use of MATSim in the lower-level problem incorporates sensitivity of the design process to competition from other modes, including ride-hail, and can support large-scale optimization. The proposed method is applied to the existing Brooklyn bus network, which includes 78 bus routes, 650,000 passengers per day, 550 route-km, and 4,696 bus stops. MATSim-NYC modeling of the existing bus network has a ridership-weighted average error per route of 21%. The proposed algorithm is applied to a benchmark network and confirms their predicted 20% growth in ridership using their benchmark design. Applying our proposed algorithm to their network with 78 routes and 24 periods, we have a problem with 3,744 decision variables. The algorithm converged within 10 iterations to a delta of 0.064%. Compared with the existing scenario, we increased ridership by 20% and reduced operating cost by 25%. We improved the farebox recovery ratio from the existing 0.22 to 0.35, 0.06 more than the benchmark design. Analysis of mode substitution effects suggest that 2.5% of trips would be drawn from ride-hail while 74% would come from driving.
Rights
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by SAGE, copyright remains with them.
Recommended Citation
Ma, Z., & Chow, J.Y.J. (2022). Transit Network Frequency Setting With Multi-Agent Simulation to Capture Activity-Based Mode Substitution. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2676(4), pp. 41-57.
